Advances in the estimation of forest ecosystem carbon stock of China were reviewed in this paper, in terms of spatiotemporal scales, distribution patterns and affecting factors. For spatiotemporal scales, this review focused on a range of studies in country, regional and stand scales in forest ecosystems of China, with details in local and regional patterns, landscape and vegetation variability, age class and withinstand variations, both in space and time. Factors such as economic development, population growth, climate, silvicultural systems, stand age and species selection, have an impact on vegetation carbon stock. Some approaches and countermeasures regarding forest inventory and estimation methodologies were also proposed, in response to the current issues existed in carbon stock estimation.
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